The Poem Negro by Langston Hughes Essay -- Poetry Analysis

The poem â€Å"Negro† was written by Langston Hughes in 1958 where it was a time of African American development and the birth of the Civil Rights Movement. Langston Hughes, as a first person narrator tells a story of what he has been through as a Negro, and the life he is proud to have had. He expresses his emotional experiences and makes the reader think about what exactly it was like to live his life during this time. By using specific words, this allows the reader to envision the different situations he has been put through. Starting off the poem with the statement â€Å"I am a Negro:† lets people know who he is, Hughes continues by saying, â€Å" Black as the night is black, /Black like the depths of my Africa.† He identifies Africa as being his and is proud to be as dark as night, and as black as the depths of the heart of his country. Being proud of him self, heritage and culture is clearly shown in this first stanza. The structure of this poem is not the traditional form of poetry, in that he begins with a first person statement then after an indentation, he elaborates on it almost lik...

Evolution of Management Thinking Essay

It was an era where so many alterations in the world Economy took place. In the closing decades of the 19th century there was a quest of seeking innovative ways to increase organizational efficiency and effectiveness. The Scientific Management Theory initiated on the basis of that. In this period of time crafts production was substituted by large factories in which a lot of technical revolutions have been taking place. The owners and managers were not capable of coping to these challenges therefore they hunted for advanced techniques to overcome this situation. As a solution the concepts of Job Specialization and division of labour came about. In this scenario workers who specialized in their respective tasks became more skilled. The Scientific Management Theory Fredrick W. Taylor was the architecture of the concept Scientific Management, â€Å"The systematic study of relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency†. It was believed that the most effective and efficient division of labour could best be determined by the concept of Scientific Management. There were four core principles in this concept. * Investigation and experimentation on organization performance * Codification of new methods/standards * Selection of employees according to codified standards * Establishing a level of performance and a pay system with rewards In 1910 most of the organizations were using this concept but selectively. Even though there was an increase in performance some disputes about this concept lead to an increase in trade union involvement. There were some major issues in this concept. * Availability of fewer jobs * Job dissatisfaction * Distrust among employees and employers. Some organizations redesigned the principles according to their vision. For example introduction of moving conveyer belts in Henry Ford’s factory can be taken in to consideration. However these approaches were not able to solve the emerged issues. Nevertheless Taylor’s work had a lasting effect on management production systems. Frank Gilbreth and Lillian Gilbreth who were the successors of Taylor studied how the working environment influences the performance of the employees. They made a heavy contribution in time-and-motion study. They demonstrated that by following arrangements organizations can solve their issues effectively. * Breaking up each job action into its components. * Finding better ways to perform the action. * Reorganizing each job action to be more efficient Administrative Management Theory Researchers attempted to discover how to create an organizational structure that leads to high efficiency and effectiveness. Theory of Bureaucracy was developed by Max Weber as a succession of these researches. Bureaucracy is basically a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. There were several principles in this theory. Weber identified several factors there should be in a bureaucracy system. Simultaneously Henry Fayol identified 14 principles that should be vital to increasing the efficiency of the management process according to his perspective. These studies of Fayol and Weber laid the foundation of modern management theory. Behavioural Management Theory This is the study of how managers should behave in order to motivate employees and encourage them to strive towards high levels of performance as an organization. In the previous theory there wasn’t a major concern about the employee viewpoint. Thus Mary Farker Follett explained why it is important to think about the human side of management. According to the studies of Follett managers should behave as coaches and facilitators –not as monitors and supervisors and the importance of direct inter communication between managers of different departments to make speedy decisions. She also promoted the concept of â€Å"cross functioning† which has been used in a great scale at present. Hawthorne effect is the discovery that a manager’s behaviour and leadership approach can affect the level of performance of employees. From this study emerged the concept of human relations movement. It is basically how the supervisors should be behaviourally trained to spice up worker’s motivation, cooperation and increase their productivity. Informal organization is one of the implications of Hawthorne effect. This is the system of behavioural rules and norms that come out in a group. The study of factors that have an impact on how individuals and groups react to in organizations has been identified as the organizational behaviour. Apart from these mentioned here the most significant approach was developed by Douglas McGregor. He supposed two different sets of assumptions which were named as Theory X and Theory Y. Management Science Theory This is a modern extension of Scientific Management Theory in this approach describes how precise quantitative techniques can be used in order to make the best use of organizational resources. Quantitative management emphasises on how arithmetic can be manipulated to achieve best practises in inventory and financial capital control. Operations management presents a set of techniques that can be utilized to improve production efficiency Total quality management focuses on the art of how the whole can be managed to achieve excellence. Management information systems provide the managers with adequate information about internal and external events of an organization to effective decision making. Organizational Environment Theory This is the set of conditions and forces that functions externally to the organization but affect a manger’s capability to acquire and utilize resources. This clearly stresses on how important it is to study the environment. The open systems theory and contingency theory developed in 1960 ascertains the importance of the importance of studying the environment. The Open –Systems View This is a system where external resources are acquired and converted into goods and services then sent back to customers for purchasing. And the cycle carries on. This system is considered as an open system. Organizations which use a closed system are likely to experience entropy, the tendency of a system to lose its ability to control itself and thus to dissolve and collapse. Contigency Theory It discloses that there is no best way to organize therefore characteristics of the environment affect an organization’s ability to obtain resources. Types of structures Above describes the differences between the structures. In conclusion managers in a Mechanistic structure can obtain inputs at a lower cost preferably in a stable environment and managers in an organic environment can react more quickly in a rapidly changing environment. These contributions constructed the foundation of modern management theories. References: New Era of Management Concepts and Applications 2nd Edition Richard L. Daft, Vanderbilt University Contemporary Management fifth edition Gareth R. Jones, Texas A & M University Jennifer M. George, Rice University

Biography of Woodrow Wilson, 28th U.S. President

Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856–February 3, 1924) was the 28th president of the United States, serving from 1913 to 1921. Prior to that, Wilson was the governor of New Jersey. Although he won reelection with the slogan He kept us out of war, Wilson was the commander-in-chief when the country finally entered World War I on April 6, 1917. Fast Facts: Woodrow Wilson Known For: Wilson was the president of the United States from 1913 to 1921.Born: December 28, 1856 in Staunton, VirginiaParents: Joseph Ruggles Wilson, a Presbyterian Minister, and Janet Woodrow WilsonDied: February 3, 1924 in Washington, D.C.Education: Davidson College, Princeton University, University of Virginia, Johns Hopkins UniversityAwards and Honors: Nobel Peace PrizeSpouse(s): Ellen Axson (m. 1885–1914), Edith Bolling (m. 1915–1924)Children: Margaret, Jessie, Eleanor Early Life Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born on December 28, 1856, in Staunton, Virginia. He was the son of Joseph Ruggles Wilson, a Presbyterian Minister, and Janet Jessie Woodrow Wilson. He had two sisters and one brother. Shortly after Wilsons birth, his family soon moved to Augusta, Georgia, where Wilson was educated at home. In 1873, he went to Davidson College but soon dropped out due to health issues. He entered the College of New Jersey—now known as Princeton University—in 1875. Wilson graduated in 1879 and went on to study at the University of Virginia School of Law. He was admitted to the bar in 1882. Being a lawyer, however, was not to his liking, and Wilson soon returned to school with plans to become an educator. He eventually earned a Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in 1886. Marriage On June 23, 1885, Wilson married Ellen Louis Axson, the daughter of a Presbyterian minister. They would eventually have three daughters: Margaret Woodrow Wilson, Jessie Woodrow Wilson, and Eleanor Randolph Wilson. Career Wilson served as a professor at  Bryn Mawr College  from 1885 to 1888 and then as a professor of history at Wesleyan University from 1888 to 1890. Wilson then became a professor of political economy at Princeton. In 1902, he was appointed president of Princeton University, a post he held until 1910. In 1911, Wilson was elected governor of New Jersey. In this position, he made a name for himself by passing progressive reforms, including laws to reduce public corruption. Presidential Election of 1912 By 1912, Wilson had become a popular figure in progressive politics and actively campaigned for the Democratic Partys presidential nomination. After reaching out to other leaders in the party, Wilson was able to secure the nomination, with Indiana governor Thomas Marshall as the vice presidential nominee. Wilson was opposed not only by incumbent President  William Taft  but also by  Bull Moose  candidate  Theodore Roosevelt. The Republican Party was divided between Taft and Roosevelt, allowing Wilson to easily win the presidency with 42% of the vote. (Roosevelt received 27% of the vote and Taft garnered 23%.) Presidency One of the first events of Wilsons presidency was the passage of the Underwood Tariff. This reduced tariff rates from 41 to 27 percent. It also created the  first federal income tax  after the passage of the 16th Amendment. In 1913, the Federal Reserve Act created the Federal Reserve system to help deal with economic highs and lows. It provided banks with loans and helped smooth out business cycles. In 1914, the Clayton Anti-Trust Act was passed to  improve labor rights. The law created protections for important labor negotiating tactics such as strikes, pickets, and boycotts. During this time, a revolution was occurring in Mexico. In 1914,  Venustiano Carranza  took over the Mexican government. However,  Pancho Villa  held much of northern Mexico. When Villa crossed into the United States in 1916 and killed 17 Americans, Wilson sent 6,000 troops under  General John Pershing  to the area. Pershing pursued Villa into Mexico, upsetting the Mexican government and Carranza. World War I  began in 1914 when  Archduke Francis Ferdinand  was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. Due to agreements made among  the European nations, many countries eventually joined the war. The  Central Powers—Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria—fought against the Allies, Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Japan, Portugal, China, and Greece. America initially remained neutral, and Wilson was renominated to run for the presidency in 1916 on the first ballot along with Marshall as his vice president. He was opposed by Republican Charles Evans Hughes. The Democrats used the slogan, He kept us out of war, as they campaigned for Wilson. Hughes had a lot of support, but Wilson ultimately won in a close election with 277 out of 534 electoral votes. In 1917, the United States entered World War I on the side of the Allies. Two reasons were the sinking of the British ship  Lusitania,  which killed 120 Americans, and the Zimmerman telegram, which revealed that Germany was trying to get an agreement with Mexico to form an alliance if the United States entered the war. Pershing led American troops into battle, helping defeat the Central Powers. An armistice was signed on November 11, 1918. The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, blamed the war on Germany and demanded huge reparations. It also created a League of Nations. In the end, the U.S. Senate would not ratify the treaty and would never join the League. Death In 1921, Wilson retired in Washington, D.C. He was very sick. On February 3, 1924, he died of complications from a stroke. Legacy Woodrow Wilson played a huge role in determining if and when America would get involved in  World War I. He was an isolationist at heart who attempted to keep America out of the war. However, with the sinking of the Lusitania, the continued harassment of American ships by German submarines, and the release of the  Zimmerman Telegram, America would not be held back. Wilson fought for the creation of the  League of Nations  to help avert another world war; his efforts won him the 1919  Nobel Peace Prize. Sources Cooper, John Milton Jr.  Woodrow Wilson: a Biography. Random House, 2011.Maynard, W. Barksdale.  Woodrow Wilson: Princeton to the Presidency. Yale University Press, 2013.

The Religious Dimension of Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe...

The Religious Dimension of Robinson Crusoe Robinson Crusoe’s discovery of the work ethic on the small island goes hand in hand with a spiritual awakening. Robinson Crusoe is not a very profound religious thinker, although religion is part of his education and transformation. He claims he reads the Bible, and he is prepared to quote it from time to time. But he doesn’t puzzle over it or even get involved in the narrative or character attractions of the stories. The Bible for him appears to be something like a Dale Carnegie handbook of maxims to keep the work on schedule and to stifle any possible complaints or longings for a different situation. Still, the religious dimension is central to Robinson Crusoe.†¦show more content†¦(98) Like a true Puritan, here Robinson Crusoe acknowledges that for him the real drama of life, the stuff that really matters, is internal. Internal guilt is so much more central to life than external affliction. Thus, complaining about affliction misses the point. The task is to earn the grace of God - and ease the guilt. In such a spiritual drama, one’s geographical location is a minor point. Robinson Crusoe’s absence from home is, in a very real way, irrelevant to what life is all about. If the central metaphor of life is the spiritual relationship between oneself and God, in comparison with which all social bonds are basically irrelevant, then we are on islands. So what does it really matter if I find myself on a real island. The priorities of life remain the same. That’s why the central image of this book is Robinson Crusoe’s home on the island, that amazing fortress built on an island where there is nothing to threaten him. He puts more effort into the complex defense works to keep himself and his goods, especially his tools, safe. In the same way, he lives his life to protect that inner fortress of his soul. Working constantly keeps unruly thoughts and despair from invading his inner home. Anything that might threaten that inner fortress, like too much meditation on anything, even on the nature of God, or reading or wonder or whatever is to be kept away as anShow MoreRelatedGhosts And Skeletons By Benito Cereno1909 Words   |  8 Pagesbecause they see power in a black man where they do not usually allow themselves to see it. Refusing to take off the chains put on him by Cereno could also be an attack to his status. For many people, clothes and belongings contained a religious and spiritual dimension. (Buckridg e, 80). â€Å"The slaves’ act of wearing their oppressor’s clothes (or in this case chains) was reminiscent of the belief among some Africans that clothing has spiritual potency and that it was strongly connected to the spiritualRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesthe basis of an employee’s age. Not all countries have similar laws. Organizations that view the global environment from any single perspective may be too narrow and potentially problematic. A more appropriate approach is to recognize the cultural dimensions of a country’s environment. Although it is not our intent here to provide the scope of cultural issues needed for an employee to go to any country, we do want to recognize that some similarities do exist (see Exhibit 1-1). Research findings allow

Storytelling in The Odyssey Essay - 581 Words

Storytelling in The Odyssey The story of Odyssey comes from a time when storytellers spread tales of heroes and heroic deeds. The Greeks have been known to tell their stories of their heroes in oral tradition. The first few lines of the Odyssey is the narrator asking a Muse to help him tell the story of Odysseus. The story is also filled with dialogue, which might indicate that it is a form of theatre and that these lines were performed orally. From the first few lines, the Odyssey could be recognized as a story that is told rather then read. The very first line, Sing in me, Muse, and through me tell the story of that man skilled in all ways of contending, reveals that the narrator is asking a Muse, to inspire him and†¦show more content†¦Also the Muse that the narrator is talking to, is the daughter of Zeus. Line 16 Of these adventures, Muse, daughter of Zeus. Even the names are derived from Greek. Line 21 for home and wife. Her ladyship Kalypso The name Kalypso is formed from a Greek verb that means cover, hide. Even the home of Odysseus is close to Greece. Ithaca is an island off the northwest coast of Greece, Odysseuss home. Line 26 Ordained for him to make his passage homeward, trials and dangers, even so, attended him even in Ithaka, near those he loved. Yet all the gods had pitied Lord Odysseus, all but Poseidon, raging cold and rough against the brave king till he came ashore at last on his own land. Not only is Ithaca mentioned, but also so are the other Greek gods and Poseidon, who seems to have a grudge to settle with Odysseus. Another aspect of the Odyssey, which suggests that it was probably told orally, are the numerous dialogues. Story telling often involves dialogue and it even seems like this story could be performed on stage as a play. Line 60 The grey-eyed goddess Athena replied to Zeus: Line 82 To this the summoner of cloud replied: Line 102 The grey-eyed goddess Athena answered him: This dialogue that goes back and forth, might indicate that it was intended to be acted out. Even more convincing, some of the writing could be interpreted as stageShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Importance Of Storytelling In The Odyssey1111 Words   |  5 PagesJane Horovitz Jennie Woodard Honors 111 9/25/17 Storytelling in the Odyssey The Odyssey is a story made up of stories. Because there is very little action that happens in the present, the presence of storytelling within the Odyssey is something that characterizes it and makes it unique. The spreading of stories serve to form legends and myths that can have the effect of shaping a culture. In addition, since stories were such an important aspect of entertainment in Greek culture, stories also shapeRead MoreSignificance in Storytelling in the Odyssey Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesEssay One, The Odyssey Steven Botello ENGL 2315: Great Works of Literature I September 16, 2012 Imagine a life without television, no internet, no cell phones, no radio, no movies, and no video games. This was the life during the Odyssey. The storytelling in the Odyssey gave Greek society a way of entertainment. Men, woman, and children would listen to these stories with attentiveness and would then share them throughout their lives. These stories were told in many ways such as in poems, songsRead MoreStorytelling in Homers Odyssey1542 Words   |  7 Pagesarises when mythology-loving children grow up. Vocabulary and comprehension matures slowly over time, and, at some point, the youth is ready to delve into the feast that is Homer’s unabridged poetry. As the reader devours book after book of The Odyssey, he or she finds comforting familiarity in the stories, the characters, and the monsters, but something is not quite right. While hearing of Odysseus’ adventures as a child, the action was spoken from the steady voice of a omnipresent narrator, butRead MoreTh e Act of Storytelling in The Odyssey Essay examples1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe Act of Storytelling in The Odyssey In The Odyssey, the act of storytelling plays a significant role in revealing the story of Odysseus. Each storyteller reveals a part of the past of Odysseus and his heroic deeds. Each of their stories gives insight into what a hero should be, according to the standards of the Greek society, and they each reflect a different aspect of a hero. When pieced together, each story becomes part of a whole, however, each has a different function within the epicRead MoreThe Odyssey Heros Journey Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesThe timeless story, The Odyssey, has left it’s mark in literature as one of the first narratives depicting the hero’s journey cycle. This work of creative writing has laid the foundation of storytelling that would later inspire other popular writings like, The Hunger Games, The Lord of The Rings, and Harry Potter. How has this ancient novel withstand the sands of time and remain relevant and appealing even to modern day readers? The Odyssey touches upon man y topics that appear attractive to evenRead MoreNarrative Means By Julie Beck1184 Words   |  5 Pagessuffering† (Beck, 2015). This helps with storytelling because this explains what is going on in a story; gives people a chance to tell their side of the story.Storytelling has changed in many ways. It can change or elaborated and more story genres have been added. Even though stories and their ideas have not changed, but the storytellers have. Each person is different and tells stories in different ways. Even cultures are different and tell different stories. Storytelling started in the Middle East when theyRead MoreThe Homeric Odyssey By Christopher Mcquarrie And Directed By Bryan Singer831 Words   |  4 PagesHomeric Odyssey is a timeless work that shadows the adventures of Odysseus. The main story involves Odysseus’ journey to return home after the Trojan War. Specifically in scrolls 8-12 of the Homeric Odyssey, Homer skips around the journey occasionally to show the audience the construction of the hero of the epic, namely, Odysseus. The events in Homer’s epic are not in chronological order; however, the events are effective on guiding Odysseus as a storyteller. 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Greek poetry before Homer was all composed orally; therefore it is assumed that Homer’s works are the first written works of art (Joachim Latacz, page 15). Scholars who have spent extensive time researching the origin of Homer’s work cannot verify a specificRead More Disguises in Homers Odyssey Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesDisguises in Homers Odyssey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Homers Odyssey, disguises help convey a false identity that assist the characters in accomplishing their plans.   Each disguise has its own purpose, such as Athenes image as Mentor to advise Telemachos.   Her purpose was to assist and encourage Telemachos into searching news of his long lost father without revealing her true identity of divinity.   Being old and wise, and especially male, helps put more power behind the words spoken by Mentor because men

A Cultural Analysis of Norway Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cultural Analysis of Norway. Answer: Introduction: The study is based on analysing the culture of Norway from different perspectives like its peoples beliefs on health related facts, their family patterns, the communication style and the death dying practices. Culture represents an identity in particular in foreign countries. There is an ample number of countries on this globe and most of them are different to each other in regards to culture (Bendixen et al., 2017). The study is aimed at understanding a culture which may be different to many; however, this is not just the purpose for the research. It is mainly for enhancing the understanding level of graduates who are expected to face a varied type of cultures at the workplace. Four Elements of Culture: Health beliefs and practices: Norway is one of few countries which are rated high in terms of health values. They are one of the fittest populations on this globe. The average life expectancy rate is also very high and is equal to nearly seventy-eight years. The modern beliefs have largely replaced the traditional medical beliefs that had existed in the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries. They are well versed in good health facilities. The government does also support the healthcare sector by making 15 percent investments in the industry (Theorell et al., 2015). The people living in Norway had carried the very same feeling for healing option as this is in some other parts of the world. They have always relied on the modern form of treatment. In the ancient times, the Norwegian people had the approachability to alternative medicines; however, they had considered it after all popular treatment method had failed. However, their views had started to take a different shape since the foundation of Norwegian Healers Associationin 1994 (Larsen, 2015). People then started to think of alternative medicine and had consulted the healing while not bothering for the traditional format of healing. They also had no such trust in the complementary form of treatment. It all happened in 1998 when the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs appointed a committee consisting of no healers but only the doctors from traditional medicine profession. They were being asked to publish a report on healing. They had found that there are some scientific facts present in the alternative medicine and healing. Today, healers are employed in most of the institutions and hospitals of social care. NAFKAM was then being established by the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs to administer the Registry of Exceptional Course of Disease (Ljunggren, 2017). The NAFKAM was being formed in Norway, so that, the approach could be monitored. The government had identified the incrementing demands for treatment in parallel with the complementary and the alternative medicines. This is why they had wanted to monitor the CAM (Complementary Alternative Medicines) on critical diseases, so that, the viability level could be identified. The treatment techniques were being found as suitable in some cases whereas it lacked in few areas. The purpose behind the formation of NAFKAM was to identify whether both the treatments should exist or only the CAM or conventional medicine alone (Whitworth, 2015). Summary of health beliefs and practices: To summarise, the people living in Norwegian uses the different kinds of techniques ranging from the conventional form of treatment to alternative medicines and the complementary treatment (CAM). After the formation of NAFKAM in 1994, they had actually started considering the various kinds of treatments though not fully relying on any single method but allowing all kinds of treatments and healings on an observation basis. Family Patterns (How different genders are regarded in specific culture as well as generational gaps): In the 1970s, women were in large numbers in the workforce; however, they had worked for no money and their numbers were higher than men. The Gender-Related Development Index initiated by the United Nations Development Programme, had come into existence to measure the gender related development in 146 countries. Norway had then ranked second in this regards which shows how open thoughts they have for women working at the workplace (Eckstein, 2015). Women have been given relative status in the country. The positions which are unique only to men like the politics and the military were being integrated in 1981. Now, both men and women can be in politics and also in the military (Ericsson, 2016). Women had occupied close to 55 percent of the entire student numbers in universities by 2000 (Ericsson, 2016). Marriage is also considered as a valuable act; however, the rate of divorce has now doubled in the last twenty years. They are also alike to various cultures when it comes to post-marriage mentalities of both husband and wife. Post-marriage, all substance goods becomes a joint property. Three generations family exist, especially in the rural areas. Parents and children prefer to live together with other relatives close to their homes. They get to their relative homes on some selected occasions like confirmation, baptism, marriage, and death (Nordfjrn, ?im?eko?lu Rundmo, 2014). Both husband and wife get the parental leave. They both take care of their kids. Mother used to breastfeed her children; however, the pattern of breastfeeding has now changed. In past, they were allowed to breastfeed in every four hours but, now, they can feed their child on demand at any time (Khodakovsky Lexau, 2017). Mother used to carry their infants close to their breast but, the prams are more commonly used by mothers. Many parents used to prefer day-care facilities for their kids from one to six year olds; however, it is not advisable to use day-care facilities for such kids. It is advisable indeed for older toddlers (Khodakovsky Lexau, 2017). Children are given an independent and cooperative environment. If parents are employed, they give their child to day-care facilities to make them socialised. They also hire babysitters if there is no grandmother at home. The socialisation is quite encouraging as they do not believe in teaching the boundary-setting policies and the etiquettes. They are treated like a child for a longer period of time than many European countries. The adolescence age is not over till the time they are not over with their graduation in high school (Pedersen-Rise Haddud, 2016). Communication Style: Norwegians do not speak their first language outside of Norway. It is not they do not like speaking their native language outside their home country but, it is that they prefer learning other languages also, so that, they become the proficient speaker of other languages. They do it so to open up doors of opportunities for various purposes like business at the global platform. The real hard focus that they put on learning other languages has made them a proficient speaker of many foreign languages. They are good at English which is a universally accepted language. They are also good at three or four foreign languages other than English (Loe Kelman, 2016). The Norwegians are very straightforward in their approach and expect the same courtesy from another end. If somebody wants to convince a Norwegian on any point, they must follow a straight route without being deviated to unrelated talks. They are very straightforward and believe in giving honest comments. If they like something they appreciate it or else they refuse it giving the honest reviews. If Norwegians are not at all agreeing to a certain fact, they will straightforward say a no to it. They expect the very same courtesy from the other end (Khodakovsky Lexau, 2017). If somebody is trying to sell them something then it should be dealt with pure honesty. If they like the idea they will agree to it or else they will say a no to it. They also do not like the fillers. Suppose, if somebody has nothing at all to speak about, they must not speak a single word or else the Norwegian people will dislike such thing. They believe that being silent can also be an indication towards a stage where the observer is going through some deep thoughts (Whitworth, 2015). They express a very minimal body language. However, it does not mean that they have no emotion. They actually have it. They also pay attention to an important thing and expect others to follow the same path. Being reserved is a highly valuable characteristic for them. It means when they are silent and are lacking in emotion, it should not be considered as if they lack the attention (Whitworth, 2015). Death and dying practices: Death and dying practices which are also known as cremation had kept on changing under the influence of religious faiths. During the middle Ages prior to Christianisationof Norway, cremation was one of the ways practiced for the disposal of the body. The traditional method of cremation did become an obsolete concept when Christianisation arrived in Norway during the eleventh century. The traditional faiths of Christian eschatological context do consider fire as being associated with the fire of hell. Additionally, the belief also states that fire is a sign of punishment, humiliation, and annihilation. Death not necessarily is a punishment and can be a gift to those to whom there is mercy (Eckstein, 2015). The cremation in Norway had not believed the resurrection of Jesus Christ as expressed in the Apostles doctrine. They had rather believed in the body moving to an eternal life after the death. They had followed a rather different approach to disposal of the body and had considered burying the body inside the ground. They had followed the Christianity believes in burying the body (Larsen, 2015). According to the beliefs of Christianity, a body is a symbol of hope for a resurrection on the Day of Judgment. They will then be given the returns of their deeds. If they have good deeds in their worldly life, they will be rewarded with an entrance into heaven. On the other side, if they have bad deeds they will be rewarded with an entrance into hell (Larsen, 2015). Before 1898, cremation was understood as an illegal activity in Norway. This was due to a fact that they have no such approvals from scientific facts. They had kept on denying the fact until they have no such proofs. To abolish such objections a society named Norwegian Cremation Society was then formed in 1889 (Eckstein, 2015). However, the society could not bring any such difference to the objections against burial disposal of the body and had continued until it was dissolved in 2003. It was re-established again as the Norwegian Cremation Foundation. It initially had only a few members of the association. It had qualified lawyers, academicians, physicians and business entrepreneurs. The main goal of the society was the legalisation of cremation and foundation of crematoria (Eckstein, 2015). The society had its success in 2010 when 92% of the deaths had a memorial service solemnised by The Church of Norway. The modern edge cremation process in Norway is mainstream, mechanical, very controlled and administered by different laws, norms and experts. Everything from getting cremation permit to; transport of boxes, timings fixing to cremation, sterile perspectives, ignition, box size and materials, natural contamination, fire wellbeing safety measures and others (Larsen, 2015). Conclusion: Therefore, the culture in respect to various aspects has vivid varieties in Norway. A radical transformation was being observed in every context like the health beliefs, family patterns, death dying practices and communication style. Norway had witnessed a transformation from having just a conventional medicine practice to complementary alternative medicines (CAN) and healing process. It has kept on managing an equal society values to both men and women. They, unlike most European nations, consider their kids as a child until they are in graduates. Norwegian people follow a very normal communication style and have expertise in local languages, English three to four other foreign languages. The death dying process in specific the burial as per the Christianity beliefs was not legalised until 2003. It becomes legalised with the foundation of Norwegian Cremation Foundation in 2003. References: Bendixen, M., Asao, K., Wyckoff, J. P., Buss, D. M., Kennair, L. E. O. (2017). Sexual regret in US and Norway: Effects of culture and individual differences in religiosity and mating strategy.Personality and Individual Differences,116, 246-251. Eckstein, H. (2015).Division and cohesion in democracy: A study of Norway. Princeton University Press. Ericsson, K. (2016).Women in War: Examples from Norway and Beyond. Routledge. Khodakovsky, E., Lexau, S. S. (Eds.). (2017).Architectural Conservation and Restoration in Norway and Russia. Routledge. Larsen, K. (2015).History of Norway. Princeton University Press. Ljunggren, J. (2017). Elitist egalitarianism: Negotiating identity in the Norwegian cultural elite.Sociology,51(3), 559-574. Loe, J. S., Kelman, I. (2016). Arctic petroleums community impacts: Local perceptions from Hammerfest, Norway.Energy Research Social Science,16, 25-34. Nordfjrn, T., ?im?eko?lu, ., Rundmo, T. (2014). Culture related to road traffic safety: a comparison of eight countries using two conceptualizations of culture.Accident Analysis Prevention,62, 319-328. Pedersen-Rise, O., Haddud, A. (2016). Exploring lean culture challenges in a small family-owned manufacturing company: a case study from Norway.International Journal of Lean Enterprise Research,2(1), 1-25. Theorell, T., Knudtsen, M. S., Horwitz, E. B., Wikstrm, B. M. (2015).Culture and public health activities in Sweden and Norway(pp. 171-7). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Whitworth, A. (2015). ESO country information guide: Norway.

Simile and metaphor Essay Example

Simile and metaphor Paper The speakers anger is a central to the whole poem. In stanza two Afrika achieves a shocking intensity by his line arrangement and repetition. The repetition of and(12-15) gives the impression of deep familiarity with the bureaucratic sounding District Six (9) and we can understand the sentiment amiable weeds(8) more clearly. The listing effect establishes a rhythm and a pattern, which the reader anticipates. This means that when and(15) turns into anger(16) it comes as a shock. The stanza also concentrates on the sensitive parts of his body, skinlungseyes(13-16) all, which are subject and vulnerable to hurt. Anger is also associated closely with heat and fire. It is the hotanger of his eyes(15-16); the sign of the restaurant is flaring(18) and his hands burn(45). The image of glass(17, 30, 41, 47) is very important in the poem (the word appears four times) as well as a reference to clear panes(28). It is glass which shuts out the speaker in the poem. It is a symbol of the inequality between whites and blacks, rich and poor. The glass symbolises the exclusion of the blacks from the whites world. But in the glass as well as looking in on outside, one can also see a reflection of oneself. The glass acting as a mirror means that it brings about a double traumatic experience . The speaker sees the standard of living that he has, the stains of bunny chow on his jeans, but he also sees the higher standard of living being enjoyed by his (now) equal countrymen. It is this injustice, which causes the speaker to yearn, for a stone, a bomb, to shiver down the glass(46-47). It is not the actual glass that he wants to smash; it is the racist mentality of those in power that he wants to shatter. We will write a custom essay sample on Simile and metaphor specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Simile and metaphor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Simile and metaphor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The poems title and last line suggests, Nothings changed(48). The speakers familiarity with this environment has not changed. Although there is no sign there, the poet can feel that he is in District Six, my feet know/and my hands.(11-12) The gap in the standard of living has not shortened between the black and white people. There is still that element of exclusivity, no sign says it(25) as the apartheid is over, but there is a guard at the gatepost(23). The poet still feels the anger and violent rage towards those that exclude him. The title in this sense is ironic, physically everything has changed, the Port Jackson trees(21) threaten to take over and there is new restaurant whose patrons are exclusively white. However deep down the important matters and worthwhile changes have not taken place. This leads to a sense of disappointment because an expected change has not happened. District Six has changed, but the speakers feelings have not because the new South Africa operates apartheid based on wealth. The poet reflects that despite the changing political situation, there are still huge inequalities between blacks and whites. The poem is a protest about the injustices of a system that allowed apartheid in the first place, but now does so little to improve the lives of the non-whites. Those in powerful and influential positions resist progress and deny justice to the common people. The title, Inglan is a Bitch is repeated as a refrain throughout the poem. The word bitch has many connotations, all of which are negative, so straight from the beginning the reader can intelligently guess that the poem criticises England. Black immigrants were brought to England to help alleviate the labour force after the Second World War; it was labelled as a country of many opportunities, a promise that turned out to be false. Literally a bitch is a female dog and they are noted for their hardworking nature. This could signify that in order to survive in England you have to be diligent also. In Linton Kwesi Johnsons, Inglan is a Bitch the narrator is black immigrant worker, who describes his work history in England. He has worked in the andahgroun(2); has had a lickle jab in a big otell(11) and in a crockery factory. All his jobs have been hard labour and menial work even at the age of fifty-five(42). He tells the reader that he was doing well while he was working as a dish-washa(11). This type of employment is quite unskilled and a job that most white Britons would consider beneath them. The poem dispels the myth that England has good economic prospects for everyone. Not only are the immigrants working very hard for a lickle wage packit(17), they are forced to pay high taxes also. (Employment) In the 1950s and 1960s people from the Caribbean migrated to Britain in relatively large numbers. Most of these settled in cities, especially in the large English cities, and in most of these communities people from Jamaica were more numerous than people from other parts of the Caribbean. Although the Caribbean is made up of many different islands and mainland territories, including many where an English Creole is not spoken, British Black English is most similar to Jamaican Creole, because of the larger number of Jamaicans who settled in this country. (Sebba, Creole English and Black English) The most striking element of this poem I felt was the sound of the poem. Written in a Street Creole variety of dialect it forces the reader to read the poem with a different tongue; London is written as Landan(1). However this may also cause a problem with communication. It is hard in some sections to decipher what the poet is actually trying to say. A language barrier is formed. The tone of the poem is conversational, but it also has a musical, song-like quality. The rhyme scheme, rhythm and the beat all contribute to this Caribbean musical quality. There is also a refrain or in the context of a song, a chorus. The aural nature of the poem functions as a mirror for cultural identity. The style and speech represents Jamaica, but the context is in England. The refrains in the poem are very interesting, deres no escapin it(5) is repeated in every other stanza along with Inglan is a Bitch. The speaker wants to escape, but cannot. The tone is resigned and there is not much hope. Because he has lived in England, he cannot even go back. This could be due to a fused identity and now he does not fit in either culture. noh baddah try fi hide fram it(16) The poet feels oppressed and has accepted defeat. The discrimination is ever-present. This next line is important, a noh lie mi a tell, a true(24) the speaker explains to the reader that he is not moaning or exaggerating, but is giving a accurate representation of his problems. yu haffi know how fi suvvive in it(32) The verb used is survive, a harsher substitute for live. The speaker explains that life is not easy and the basics are hard to come by. yu bettah face up to it(40) echoing line 16 the speaker tells us and tells himself to just accept the hardship. There is no point in denying or trying to change something more powerful. He has no options, as no one will even listen to his problems. This is why he is writing the poem, hoping this medium will reach out to those who can help him and understand his despair. is whey wi a goh dhu bout it?(56) The last line seems to invert the vibe given out in the lines above. There is a positive emphasis as the speaker asserts this question to his audience, who may be influential black people or sympathetic white people. The wi (we) is also only seen in the last line. It signifies collectiveness and unity for a particular purpose. On his own he is nothing, but through his poetry he may find people in similar predicaments and together they can bring about a change. Ending the poem with a question means that the poet is leaving the reader to make up his mind on the situation. The poem as well as reflecting the cultural identity of the black immigrants in England, also creates a mirror for national identity. It depicts to those in power what the condition of the Afro-Caribbean contingent is. It is sweet and glorious to die for your country. This is the full translation of the phrase Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori. Which comes from Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen. The title of the poem is ironic. The poem does not so much induce pity as it does shock, especially for the civilians at home who believed war was noble and glorious. Owens war poems are for civilians to make audible to them the authentic experiences of the arm. (Kerr, p.219) The soldiers are trudging back from the battle, a daunting depiction expressed through simile and metaphor. The mens wretched condition is compared to old beggars(1), hags(2). The young men have grown unnaturally old and decrepit (Kerr, p.276). They cannot walk straight as their blood-shod(6) try to negotiate the mud. The words that Owen uses have different meanings beyond the real meaning and exploit ambiguity, for example, distant rest(4), what kind of rest? In line 8 the rhythm slackens as a particularly dramatic moment approaches.